Foreword

Children's health is highly valued by the Party，the government，and society.General Secretary Xi Jinping has made important instructions on children's health on many occasions to deploy and promote the establishment，reform，and development of a pediatric service system.Premier Li Keqiang has conducted several in-depth investigations on the work of promoting the treatment and security of major pediatric diseases.And Vice Premier Sun Chunlan has done themed research on building the system for the treatment and security of pediatric hematological diseases and cancers.In 2019，the National Health Commission has further improved the working mechanisms and comprehensively deployed and implemented the treatment and security of pediatric hematological diseases and cancers，as an important endeavor to roll out the Party Central Committee's education campaign themed“remaining true to our original aspiration and keeping our mission firmly in mind”.

In 2021，it is the first year of China's“14th Five-Year Plan”，the Party and government placed a high priority on pediatric medical work，focused on the difficult and key issues of children's healthy development，strengthened top-level design，and intensively implemented relevant policies and regulations to ensure the steady improvement of children's health.With the background and guidance of the 14th Five-Year Plan and National Program of Action for Child Development in China，and under the leadership of the National Health Commission，the National Center for Children's Health（Beijing）has actively implemented the Party and the State's deployment requirements for the prevention and treatment for childhood and adolescent cancer，and carries out in-depth pediatric cancer surveillance that is hospital-based，real-time and dynamic.By the end of 2021，the pediatric cancer surveillance network covers about 70% of new incidence cases among children with cancer in China.The continuous progress and development of the work will provide comprehensive，scientific，accurate，timely，and reliable data for the country to formulate health policies and prevention and control strategies concerning pediatric cancer.It will also lay a solid foundation for research in the epidemiology，standardized clinical treatment，and medicine innovation of pediatric cancer.

In 2022，with the support from the National Health Commission and local health commissions as well as the cooperation of pediatric surveillance sites，for the first time，the National Center for pediatric Cancer Surveillance has written the National Pediatric Cancer Surveillance Annual Report（2022）based on International Classification of Childhood Cancer，third edition.The report collects data from 376 pediatric surveillance sites in 31 provinces（or autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government）and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and provides incidence rates and hospitalization characteristics of childhood cancer in China between 2019 and 2020 for the first time.Admittedly，constraints of knowledge and time inevitably lead to omissions and deficiencies.We sincerely invite valuable suggestions from colleagues and experts in the medical and health industry and readers from all sides.

Dr.Ni Xin

Director，National Center for Children's Health（Beijing） and National Center for Pediatric Cancer Surveillance

President，Beijing Children's Hospital，Capital Medical University

September 2022