![清水、预制、装饰混凝土及GRC裂缝的成因、预防与处理](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/717/41398717/b_41398717.jpg)
建筑类型
1.清水混凝土建筑
2.装配式建筑
3.装饰混凝土建筑表皮
4.GRC建筑表皮
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/2_01.jpg?sign=1739418381-f3ThHN1NHtAQYEa2Gu3qTgV1UDhpN3fF-0-56bf3be0048c6c5ba95e408633511531)
图C-1 纽约清水混凝土超高层公寓
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/2_02.jpg?sign=1739418381-lkIUgDH35ewmSKHjq7xVxbB8v9VHWCdr-0-b5d7a758ed92963af69280c453e77078)
图C-2 沈阳春河里装配式高层住宅
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/2_03.jpg?sign=1739418381-7i4jIsHW7zuaBLFoOzNFAR5g5LF7k2dE-0-60468648241997953a65aacbfe7fd439)
图C-3 加拿大卡尔加里大学装饰混凝土建筑表皮
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/2_04.jpg?sign=1739418381-QlijmCh1TeoqQoAMfQUSqXrBMjfZCNSK-0-09ce4ade92c6e1e871782704b19766a3)
图C-4 装饰混凝土质感
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/2_05.jpg?sign=1739418381-jH67ibnbFK0iY3Riqs39gHVOCAMzZegu-0-7272fb24bcd9afa9e93474d9a1182fb1)
图C-5 张家口冬奥会体育馆GRC建筑表皮
龟裂与不规则裂缝
5.龟裂
6.不规则短裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/3_01.jpg?sign=1739418381-D9gh44evOYe3Z64rVfHUxRyvH73aXR4a-0-d1dbecf9065a41fd210816dfbd2cdcde)
图C-6 凝缩龟裂
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/3_02.jpg?sign=1739418381-4UGUiuSOM2vP77dHtV5UKE4e49EEKaeL-0-310ef7b0ba012bf74e8b34dade959f4f)
图C-7 预制混凝土早期失水收缩龟裂
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/3_03.jpg?sign=1739418381-j7ANBOUO7CPRumNTf9lxyAPpxt3Xp2Ib-0-68c496dcb5ca44211c19be7a7db500a3)
图C-8 纽约吉普斯湾公寓碳化收缩龟裂
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/3_04.jpg?sign=1739418381-KfEPezbfie1JwQkW7L3q771teqASHicD-0-5007d9f5fedd92181fffd31beb27ce8f)
图C-9 上海喜马拉雅中心“碱-骨料反应”龟裂
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/3_05.jpg?sign=1739418381-5ycGuhk14MLtVx1ho2vEUQkUjvrRSZMZ-0-a33e2c93caaccb4a69db93c7a37daef2)
图C-10 GRC龟裂
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/3_06.jpg?sign=1739418381-lxYcpQw4qgxei0BVb8a2H6e7wc7jmmkw-0-ea3df16db57a5a4c4cbfde4735ae7408)
图C-11 装饰混凝土不规则裂缝
冻融、钢筋锈蚀、装饰混凝土裂缝
7.冻融裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/4_01.jpg?sign=1739418381-rb4grVuwHSxAEma7bhPAvnwjwIs4kfrk-0-a0dda4c8a14ee894e191d78b637fdb69)
图C-12 剥离性冻融裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/4_02.jpg?sign=1739418381-o2Cn4XUjHDs249OTBin477qvn0df45MI-0-59f2afb3925572093f8f4a7730c74951)
图C-13 装饰混凝土表面酥松冻融破坏
8.钢筋锈蚀裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/4_03.jpg?sign=1739418381-Bh3jd9YPqJCdXksjZxyzNJN24s3Gpt9v-0-d1778fe5f4e979f29b99d815f41f9d2f)
图C-14 海边柱子钢筋锈蚀裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/4_04.jpg?sign=1739418381-boNwGFU7o3HFm1y4haDZDvhpPneuelZd-0-a4d104e859c647f7a83373f806fbf81e)
图C-15 曲面混凝土墙钢筋锈蚀裂缝
9.装饰混凝土裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/4_05.jpg?sign=1739418381-AF0vH1AvkVqKxAY6akdYFd0iacHjHQ0i-0-e45de16c7957429da6b0029087e3eb23)
图C-16 装饰混凝土构件穿透洞缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/4_06.jpg?sign=1739418381-OyHyMxrkNaUTqRLMQ2OJCVixU0AE96aE-0-f6c7bc7fb3f2b930a075756a5d1db3ba)
图C-17 装饰混凝土板横向裂缝
应力集中裂缝
10.应力集中裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/5_01.jpg?sign=1739418381-GuMhQ4NmrVTjg6S30TRplWrIyhpSaE1r-0-5b57f816d306c62aabfbe9837aa621fb)
图C-18 清水混凝土对拉螺栓孔应力集中裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/5_02.jpg?sign=1739418381-xV2vYsEshPP67jzIZ4lRnPeYpVspG2C9-0-ff944a00f8b5ae5b61777c35eb7f832b)
图C-19 对拉螺栓孔连通裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/5_03.jpg?sign=1739418381-xuqhI06DSYC76jZOcJChY9t1aFrHVZoH-0-addf0c23f10bd12dcc9257a235232cda)
图C-20 预留洞口应力集中裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/5_04.jpg?sign=1739418381-4HdYlbliJIpktJHV2PTohT6rSusnwsDk-0-d7904e4712693f5aa20f2c79d7855978)
图C-21 预埋件螺母应力集中裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/5_05.jpg?sign=1739418381-h7j7zB7QsF6AqTRz2GI9ufxze46HIMuZ-0-eb1b117ab65d2acd6e074b3996cbc58c)
图C-22 楼梯转角应力集中裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/5_06.jpg?sign=1739418381-UrRsdSIKWAMRx64brf6wSRd5ckA8MG1O-0-6d0eddb688bc3d12b4101347763e102f)
图C-23 形体变化处应力集中裂缝
现浇混凝土墙体裂缝
11.现浇混凝土墙体裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/6_01.jpg?sign=1739418381-fpddnMIEjMpmilwmKshR1YYndgqV8eWb-0-23f5933f6c9acaa523ba882552e8987c)
图C-24 现浇清水混凝土长墙裂缝,一段距离一道裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/6_02.jpg?sign=1739418381-pRqWnfwkwhimEpXXhuGUxV4TmeU6NWqH-0-3e5512ed77fdf62021a571b21eceddd8)
图C-25 清水混凝土长墙严重的竖向裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/6_03.jpg?sign=1739418381-ORWPiiPm4uEQvcZniehNih8ATgRKyqXo-0-833c4c1d137590663492104a8e836889)
图C-26 端部刚性约束墙体裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/6_04.jpg?sign=1739418381-2qtUJKCASyduyzh841aF24NjxRaIvoGg-0-c06aeb7e3aacf2f2b6d913ef1f25ee80)
图C-27 清水混凝土墙体斜裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/6_05.jpg?sign=1739418381-oVyl2ohvASpjbFhKYitwUITvAXJUKOrQ-0-8789d03b364fb8b420072f0f4bb0a5c6)
图C-28 曲面墙洞顶裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/6_06.jpg?sign=1739418381-dtCoBxU1NGXZzgajrKsIW6PETS1XsibF-0-905a5e92d39403c1b899d2f9f696881d)
图C-29 墙体局部约束裂缝
现浇柱、梁、板裂缝
12.现浇柱、梁、板
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/7_01.jpg?sign=1739418381-P4ohdSzNXN5wq9fIqFN1TZ6bgEQnbqeE-0-acafef9f6ed3411ab7304544e7cc0d54)
图C-30 柱子横裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/7_02.jpg?sign=1739418381-uefA03SbQCHwUIBVRyQXNWOHqyFyMDin-0-5861b13834588bbdfd7eaaf39a267ab9)
图C-31 柱子横裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/7_03.jpg?sign=1739418381-rv4xLC0SqOkD1zlInwjb4uIlupcGkQos-0-ee5075b96c50e0b0e80290a7c3f93e12)
图C-32 施工因素柱子横裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/7_04.jpg?sign=1739418381-az8pVDM7tfscO7zIeigZsAIMUZvPWeSG-0-0e07fe061178480732ee73b8637bd9d9)
图C-33 梁裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/7_05.jpg?sign=1739418381-rSlad9SHCi86CemvXIxKw69qPlHCoLxq-0-251a7c72c6b955cb23e10141e5265c4f)
图C-34 梁裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/7_06.jpg?sign=1739418381-yWLHzbc29G6DWyKUveK9LZfN52QWU2kY-0-042344f7255eccc513379f7eba0944cc)
图C-35 墙板裂缝
PC构件裂缝
13.PC构件裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/8_01.jpg?sign=1739418381-zMnF2TOcdTU7sOHc3qygQtiq9bNAYhYR-0-17c0db7fdf0271c789482b9c8579be67)
图C-36 构件脱模时裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/8_02.jpg?sign=1739418381-hwmFB7ivosP2GFPgv9htNo6k5i79JSim-0-dc11c12ed77d523c0fdbf3e843c47598)
图C-37 叠合板顶纵向裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/8_03.jpg?sign=1739418381-HzkaJEtRk3GaEDSh2kyQdQI2Ls9XCWvm-0-54ff193046f40b9b870f43e38b16f2a4)
图C-38 预埋管筒处裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/8_04.jpg?sign=1739418381-aFkKOcUUjkP2XmmvLxzg3AQvQDmLX9yf-0-65e6e9cc89bc722fec48c2ba277f6651)
图C-39 吊点部位裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/8_05.jpg?sign=1739418381-9mMZ8tKKOotvGduT21h8I7PuScrN0yZY-0-615e8cb01aa172cd987cc1f2f7c5186e)
图C-40 楼梯踏角脱模裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/8_06.jpg?sign=1739418381-LtHWKGABoPmpggWSTAkZVnUacK53WyJl-0-cc7fac722a90f6ff371f407c15168133)
图C-41 存放产生的裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/8_07.jpg?sign=1739418381-xqKkZmy2Y8cxiHXdaGHFBNTrooyzmwYp-0-2a333bb673f638ccc992b694e8ebc850)
图C-42 叠合板安装后的裂缝
GRC裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/9_01.jpg?sign=1739418381-Z4HauTjNUnqLLkCk1DiTv5d4jnQdqtza-0-d3503f2ce0e4c83436dd5b79e08bb15c)
图C-43 形体与节点刚性约束作用裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/9_02.jpg?sign=1739418381-TGYbw4AioENnJ8qe8Iv7rjAfIOqXOvBO-0-beecfa56c3c24bee461bed47f38bb0a9)
图C-44 节点刚性约束裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/9_03.jpg?sign=1739418381-4fsqNN4uO1sH8F5kYEwP2ygAseVlejEz-0-722cec01c19ec529d9a7e7b65b66cf41)
图C-45 干湿变形收缩被约束裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/9_04.jpg?sign=1739418381-wuRPimhoWtRT9Kb085yklQLJ3KUPZTII-0-3c5cfec9c7813be158cc6aab8c7d832c)
图C-46 主体结构变形作用斜裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/9_05.jpg?sign=1739418381-rHr7hy5Mt89N3rZTrETWw0yFKfoLhKR4-0-5e6a34791405f0ec6f32d12584bfb9b8)
图C-47 构件边缘裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/9_06.jpg?sign=1739418381-5C79vJ7KaWZ28KRZ1rjg7WDp76rp4MPT-0-e6e83b71fe8d38a9caebbe9beed47900)
图C-48 构件接缝裂缝